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ACTIP Bulletin 25 May 2001 |
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Recently, the European Commission presented its proposal for a next Framework Programme (FP 6). In this issue of the ACTIP Bulletin we review this proposal, both with respect to the background as with the proposed content. The article starts on page15, but first we review other, equally important news: Deadlines for FP5 proposals; Commission adopts Communication on precautionary principle; New vaccine projects;
During the month of March, the ACTIP website proved a success, with 23,769 requests and a total of 4,636 visits. The number of unique visitors was1,026, and the repeat visitors numbered 370, visiting the site 2-4 times (202), 5-9 times (33), 10-24 times (78) and 25-49 times (57). This indicates that many people are using the website as a gateway site and a source of valuable documentation. The majority of visitors is commercial and from the USA, followed by visitors from Japan, US educational institutions, Mexico, the UK, Denmark, Germany etc. In the month of March, the most frequently visited page was the links page and the one with our latest position paper, followed by the members page, the news page and the secure page. With 59 hits the secure page (only for ACTIP members) is well visited. The various monographs average 30-40 visits per month.
In February, the European Parliament (EP) appproved the revised 'deliberate release' directive 90/220 EC. This should have opened the way to approval of requests for marketing authorization of GMO plants.
However, the decision by six member states (France, Denmark, Italy, Greece, Austria and Luxembourg) to maintain an unoffical ban on GMO food leaves plant biotech companies at a crossroads. They pledged to maintain the ban "until effective arrangements are adopted for the traceability and labelling of GMOs". This way, the de facto moratorium, which seemed at the end of its days once the revised directive 90/220 was adopted, could be prolonged by years, leaving the plant biotechnology industry at a serious disadvantage. Some product applications are already in the regulatory pipeline since 1997.
Source: European Voice, March 21, 2001-04-24 On a more positive note ended a meeting of the European Council on March 23-24, 2001 during the Stockholm summit. The European Council confirmed that it consideres a competitive biotechnology-based industry as a key requirement and asset for Europe in the 21st century. The heads of government explicitly recognized the need for measures to utilize the full potential of biotechnology and to strengthen the competitiveness of the biotechnology-based industry.
Source: Press release EuropaBio, March 26, 2001 A similar message was supported by a large majority of the European Parliament when it approved the report of MEP John Purvis about the future of the Biotechnology Industry on March 12. The report criticises the de facto moratorium and calls upon the future European Food Safety Authority to restore consumer confidence in GM Foods.
Source: European Parliament Daily Notebook, March 15, 2001
First half 2001
In the first few months of the year 2001, 6 deadlines for proposals had been scheduled. The following had been submitted:
* 21 for Research Infrastructures * 96 for Marie Curie Training Host Sites (of which 60 in industry) * 128 for SME measures (74 Exploratory Awards and 54 CRAFT). In addition, 71 expression of interest for topics in functional genomics relating to human health were received.
Second half 2001
The following programmes are open for proposals: Accompanying measures: deadlines June 12, 2001 and October 11, 2001 Marie Curie Individual Fellowships: deadlines October 10, 2001 SME Cooperative Research Awards: deadline September 19, 2001 Mechanism for the submission of joint projects under the 'Partner for Life': available until April 2002. Intended for SMEs, to support their participation in European Research Projects. See also:
On February 2, 2000, the European Commision has adopted a Communication on the Use of the Precautionary Principle. The Communication underlines that the precautionary principle forms part of a structured approach to the analysis of risk, as well as being relevant to risk management. It covers cases where scientific evidence is insufficient, inconclusive or uncertain and preliminary scientific evaluation indicates that there are reasonable grounds for concern that the potentially dangerous effects on the environment, human, animal or plant health may be inconsistent with the high level of protection chosen by the EU. The Communication makes it clear that the precautionary principle is neither a politicisation of science or the acceptance of zero-risk but that it provides a basis for actiob when science is unable to give a clear answer.
A copy of the press release and the Communication itself is available on request from the IVTIP Secretariat.
Since September last year, a number of new vaccine projects have been started in Key Action 2, Control of Infectious Diseases. Below we give the titles and the project's number. If you want to obtain an abstract of the project, you can do two things: either visit
http://dbs.cordis.lu/EN_PROJI_search.html, and type in as keywords the project's number, or, if you want to see all projects supported under KA2, type in QLK2 and you get a complete listing. Alternatively, ask the ACTIP secretariat for a copy or file of the abstracts listed below.
On November 29, 2000, agreement was reached on a number of important amendments to the European Patent Convention. All are expected to enter into force within the next four years. The amendments to the EPC relate primarily to the streamlining of granting procedure, in particular the language system:
Celera Genomics will share a new 58 million USD grant with the Baylor College of Medicine, which was one of the five sequencing centers for the Human Genome Project. Baylor and Celera did not decide to cooperate on their own. Each applied to win the full grant, which the NIH decided to split, with about 60% going to Baylor. Dr. Venter said cooperating with government was a cost-effective way to add to its database of genetic information. Other participants in the rat project are Genome Therapeutics Corp. of Waltham, Mass., the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Md and the University of British Columbia.
Source: New York Times, March 1, 2001
A European Commission funded study has found that many pharmaceutical firms complain how the EU-wide system for drug approval and the EMEA has worked in practice, featuring many costly delays. Companies are also alarmed over the way many member states continue to ignore the alternative system, insisting that drugs accepted elsewhere still run the bureaucratic gauntlet of domestic authorisation procedures. The competent authorities do not seek to disguise the fact that there is unwillingness of member states to abide by the principles of mutual recognition, states the report.
Source: European Voice, January 10, 2001
On February 11 last, animal rights activists in the UK mounted demonstrations against pharmaceutical companies which they claimed support testing of drugs on animals at Huntingdon Life Sciences. Hundreds of protesters were involved in a coordinated series of break-ins or demonstrations at the laboratories, offices and at the homes of directors of five leading companies: Bayer, Eli Lilly, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Roche and Pharmacia Corporation. The protestors hope to persuade the companies to withdraw their support from Huntingdon's laboratories in Cambridgeshire and in Occold, Suffolk. They said the demonstrations marked the start of a new era in its protests against the company. In the past its campaign has targeted the firm's financial backers. Pharmaceutical companies condemned the attacks, which caused tens of thousands of pounds of damage, and warned that a threat of violence against them was "not conducive to medical research in the UK".
Source: The Guardian, February 12
Sources: The Times
15/3/2001 http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/0,,11-99393,00.htm
A report published
by the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee strongly
supports the Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust proposal
for a voluntary UK population database containing the genetic
details of 500,000 men and women. To be known as the UK Population
Biomedical Collection, the database will also hold other information
such as height, weight, medical history and answers to a questionnaire
about lifestyle.
Source: British
Medical Journal 31/3/2001 'House of Lords supports first UK genetic
database'
On January 22, the UK's House of Lords approved (212 in favour, 92 against) a new bill allowing cloning of embryonic stem cells for scientific purposes. With this decision, the UK deviates from an urgent plea of the European Parliament to ban therapeutic cloning.
The UK's first IVF
baby conceived using a thawed, frozen egg was born
Source: BBC News
Online:
The UK government has publicly announced its commitment to the introduction of an explicit ban on human reproductive cloning. Whilst an effective ban is already in place, due to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's promise not to license reproductive cloning, an explicit prohibition has been favoured by the government for some time. Whilst the timing of the legislation remains unclear, its inclusion in Labour's election promises will provide a political imperative.
Lawmakers in the US
now say they are considering formally banning human cloning after
hearing evidence that the
Source: New York
Times 28/3/2001 'Congressional hearings on human cloning'
Source: BBC News
Online 11/4/2001 'Pig cloning advance'
Each year EMBO (the
European Molecular Biology Organization - see http://www.embo.org) hosts a meeting for its long
term fellows. Around 130 are invited to present their work in
talks and poster sessions.
Researchers from PPL Therapeutics, Scotland, have succeeded in turning a cow's skin cell into a heart cell. This breakthrough has significant implications in terms of replacing damaged tissues and organs, but it also allows researchers to move away from the controversial use of human embryo cells.
Sources: Media release February 23, 2001 http://www.msnbc.com/news/535136.asp
A scientist at the
University of Sheffield believes that stem cell transplants for
some deaf people could be attempted within the next three to
five years, perhaps allowing them to hear again. Professor Matthew
Holley says that transplants of embryonic stem cells in experiments
on mice have showed some restoration of auditory function.
Source:The Independent:
Source: ScienceDaily
magazine 2/4/2001 'Scientists repair damage from heart attack
using adult bone marrow stem cells in mice'
For £ 600 parents can protect their new-born by storing blood from the umbilical cord, containing the child's stem cells. The stem cells will be stored for up to 20 years in liquid nitrogen to provide the child with the potential means to restore damaged organs, blood or tissue.
Source: Guardian, February 25, 2001
Source: CNN 10/4/2001
'First gene therapy experiment for Alzheimer's'
Gene News
Researchers from the Amsterdam Medical Center have constructed a database containing activity of all kinds of genes from healthy and tumour tissue. This transcriptome-map provides new insights into the organisation of the human genome. The researchers found that human chromosomes, contrary to chromosomes of other organisms, show remarkable differences in activity.Chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 show much fewer active genes compared to the others. Gene activity per chromosome is easily depicted in a histogramme. Using the new software, a derailed gene can be located very rapidly.
Source: BioNieuws March 3, 2001.
http://news.bmn.com/news/story?day=010320&story=1
The risk to a child
of developing schizophrenia is thought to rise steadily as the
age of the father increases, say researchers at Columbia and
New York Universities and the Israeli Ministry of Health. They
reviewed
Your face tells, you're smoking! Scientists from Guys,
Kings and St Thomas' school of medicine believe that chemicals
in tobacco may activate a gene that expresses the protein matrix
metalloproteinase-1, or MMP-1, in the skin. This breaks down
collagen, a protein that maintains elasticity. Too much of this
enzyme would increase wrinkling and the ageing effect.
Source: The Times
23/3/2001 'Health Warning: smoking does wrinkle the skin'
Scientists in America
have discovered a gene that they believe might double the chances
of girls reaching puberty early, thought to be one possible reason
for an increased risk of breast cancer. It was reported at the
American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting in New
Orleans that nearly all girls carrying a specific gene variation
experienced puberty as young as nine years old.
Source: BBC News
Online 28/3/2001 'What is it about blondes?'
Inspired by the success of Seti@home, the screensaver that contributes to searching among billions of signals for extraterrestial life, Prof. Vijay Pande of Stanford University has developed Folding@home, a screensaver that contributes to calculations of protein folding. The screensaver shows the proteins that are being folded. Unfortunately, the screensaver only works on PCs that have a direct connection to Internet. Via the website of folding@home progress of the project can be followed. The programme can be downloaded from:
www.foldingathome.stanford.edu
DG Research used to send us the Quality of Life Bulletin, but as of recently it is only available via the web. Visit:
www.cordis.lu/life
If you do not want to miss anything concerning genes and genome research, visit the freely available GeneLetter, full of interesting articles and easy to navigate links:
The European Commission has launched a website that guides researchers towards the most important reference texts in the area of ethics in research:
A very useful site chockfull of links and latest information about BSE, called LinksDossier. Very comprehensive!:
Regularly, the Council of Europe's EDQM publishes proceedings of conferences dealing with harmonised regulatory frameworks. Keep checking their website for the most recent ones, such as one called 'current developments in pharmaceutical analysis':
Partners for Life is a new EU project that provides economic and technological intelligence to SMEs. The aim is to offer targeted information on technological and market trends in the field of life sciences and to support their participation in European research projects, in particular in biomedicine, biotechnology and agro-industry. Groups of SMEs preparing innovative projects can receive up to 1 million EURO for research. Submission of joint projects is possible until April 2002.
Information about funding opportunities in Europe can be found at:
Individual subscribers to one of the many Nature publications received from the publisher a commemorative copy of The Human Genome. Beautifully printed, but if you didn't receive one: the entire content plus additional features and commentary is available without restriction on:
Source: BioNieuws, March 3, 2001
The human genome has produced a number of surprises. Here are 10:
(10) The genome already offers advantages in terms of discovery of disease-associated genes (see also our 'Short Research News'.
Convergence between research, finance and public opinion is positioning biotechnology to become the most dynamic industry of the 21st century, according to Ernst&Young's Biotechnology Report, Millenium Edition: Convergence. The report cites advances in genomics as a driving force behind investment, spurring activity. The report notes that convergence in several areas, including information technology, health care and various industial sectors, coupled with new business models, has the potential to revolutionize the biotechnology industry.
Copies from Ernst & Young, 50 $ each, or read the Executive Summary online at www.ey.com
Recently, the European Commission presented its proposal for a "multiannual Framework Programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area". In short, a proposal for a 6th Framework Programme (FP 6). As the title shows, FP6 is meant to implement the European Research Area. It is designed to: (1) step up its (ERAs) contribution to the development of scientific and technical excellence in Europe, in EU countries and non-EU countries, both in universities and in industry. (2) increase its impact on the innovation process in Europe; (3) reinforce its contribution to the efforts to integrate European Research.
Various institutions will be consulted regarding this proposal. Proposals for specific programmes will follow later. It is the intention that the Council and the European Parliament will adopt FP 6 not later than the first half of 2002.
The European Research Area (ERA) has become the reference framework for research policy issues in Europe. It is seen as a central component to promote innovation, competitiveness and employment, sustainable economic growth and social cohesion in Europe.
The necessity of ERA is evidenced by: (1) the EU's major technological rivals are stepping up their efforts (US public spending on research will grow by 9% in 2001); (2) prospects in life sciences and technologies are promising; the challenge is to capitalize on the human genome; (3) there is a growing role for information and communication sciences; (4) science holds to a large extent the key to solving societal problems (i.e. BSE); (5) sustainable development is a major political objective on the EU agenda.
The new FP will be based on the following main principles: I. concentrating on a selected number of priority research areas in which EU action can add the greatest possible value; II. defining the various activities in such a way as to enable them to exert a more structuring effect on the research activities conducted in Europe thanks to a stronger link with national, regional and other European initiatives; III. simplifying and streamlining the implementation arrangements, on the basis of the intervention methods defined and the centralised management procedures envisaged: networks of excellence and integrated projects will be administered to a large extent autonomously by participants: to involve other partners, define small-scale projects, adapt their programme of research to meet changing needs. Certain aspects of the specific research activities and support for researcher mobility will be entrusted to external organisations operating under the Commission's responsibility.
Special efforts: A special effort will be made to maximise the dissemination of results and to express them in terms that are readily understandable to decision makers, so as to help them implement public policies. Another special effort will be made to increase the participation of women in all activities of the programme. All research activities carried out under the FP 6 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles. Two fundamental new aspects are (1) the full participation of candidate countries and (2) the opening up of EU research activities to the rest of the world.The regional dimension of European research will be fully taken into account.
To ensure the focusing of efforts, FP6 will be integrated around three targets: 1. Integrating European research; 2. Structuring the European Research Area; 3. Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area.
The bulk of FP6 efforts are intended to strengthen the scientific and technological bases of Community industry. These activities will be carried out:
1. In a limited number of priority areas by means of networks of excellence, integrated projects and EU participation in national research programmes. Participation of SMEs in networks of excellence and integrated projects should be significant. Two new instruments will be introduced: a collective research scheme and extension of 'cooperative research activities'. International cooperation will be important. 2. In areas related to the anticipation of EU science and technology needs (help to anticipate emerging needs, react rapidly to new scientific and technological developments and be present at the frontiers of knowledge (annual decisions following calls for proposals, choice of topics by the Commission) 3. In the field of science and technology as a whole in the case of complementary research activities for SMEs. As a fundamental general principle, competitive calls for proposals and evaluation by means of peer review will be used to implement the bulk of the activities. Instruments to integrate research are: a. Networks of excellence, characterised by a joint programme of activities, precise research themes and topics, and activities to manage, transfer and exploit the knowledge produced. Selection will be on the basis of calls for proposals. A network of excellence will involve several million EURO. b. Integrated projects will involve consortia with intense university/industry collaboration. They should concern risky research and have clearly defined objectives. Participation will be through calls for proposals. Max support will be 50% of the proposed budget. A project may involve tens of millions of EUROs. c. Participation in national programmes. The EU may contribute to national programmes. Max support will be 50% of the proposed budget. This new element will require a lot of consultation.
1.1. Priority thematic areas of research Seven thematic areas have been selected. These have, within each of them, a number of subjects linked to economic and societal issues that are especially important to the EU and where its action adds specific value for reasons which may vary according to the themes in question. Some activities, particularly those intended to help structure the European Research Area, will be opened up to all themes and areas. Activities are intended to assemble a critical mass of resources and support a high level of integration of research capacities in Europe in areas in which this is especially necessary for the competitiveness of European industry or the major political and social implications of the issues in question. The seven priority thematic areas are: 1. Genomics and biotechnology for health (2 000 million EURO); 2. Information Society Technologies (3,600 million EURO); 3. Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials and new production processes (1,300 million EURO); 4. Aeronautics and space (1,000 million EURO); 5. Food safety and health risks (600 million EURO); 6. Sustainable development and global change (1,700 million EURO); 7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society (225 million EURO);
With respect to genomics and biotechnology for health, the objectives are to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms, Ö.for the benefit of public health and citizens and to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry. Community activities will address the following aspects: 1. fundamental knowledge and basic tools for functional genomics: gene expression and proteomics; structural genomics; comparative genomics and population genetics; bioinformatics; 2. application of knowledge and technologies in the field of genomics and biotechnology for health: technological platforms for the development of new diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic tools; support for innovative research in genomics start-up companies; 3. application of medical genomics knowledge and technologies in the following fields: combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases and rare diseases; combating resistance to drugs; studying human development, the brains and the ageing process. A broader approach will be pursued with regard to combating the three poverty-linked infectious diseases (AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis), which have priority in terms of disease control at EU and international level.
Other themes of interest Other priority themes with topics of interest are:
Nanotechnologies, which aim to achieve a critical mass of capacities needed to develop and exploit, especially for greater eco-efficiency, leading-edge technologies for the knowledge and intelligence-based products, services and manufacturing processes of the years to come. Actions envisaged include applications of nanobiotechnologies in areas such as health, chemistry, energy, optics and the environment.
Food safety and health risks include, among others, methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms (incl. prions) The final theme, citizens and governance, includes such a wide variety of topics as improving the production, transmission and utilisation of knowledge in Europe; transnational research and comparative studies; interdisciplinary research in support of public policies; and the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.
1.2. Anticipating the EUs scientific and technological needs (2,345 million EURO) Objective: respond to the scientific and technological needs of the policies of the Community; Respond more flexibly and rapidly to emerging scientific and technological needs and major unforeseeable developments, as well as needs appearing at the frontiers of knowledge. The activities will address the following themes:
1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals a. In particular research in support of common policies, EU objectives b. Research that responds to needs in new areas at the leading edge of knowledge. Activities will essentially take the form of: 1. Specific targeted projects generally of a limited scale; 2. The networking of research activities carried out at national level The choice of research topics will be made by the Commission on the basis of assessment by an internal group of users These activities will also comprise, in particular, specific research activities for SMEs: (i). Collective research activities (by technical research centres of industrial associations or industry groupings in entire sectors of industry dominated by SMEs at the European level; (ii). Cooperative research activities by research centres for a number of SMEs on themes of common interest
2. Joint Research Centre Activities
a. Research and innovation: stepping up economic and technological intelligence activities, utilisation of research results, transfer of knowledge, setting up of technology businesses in Europe. (300 million EURO) b. Human resources and mobility. More funding, making Europe more attractive to third-country researchers, and support schemes for excellent EU research teams. (1,800 million EURO) c. Research infrastructures of the highest level in Europe and promote their optimal use on a European scale. Broadband communication infrastructures, transnational access, networking. (900 million EURO) d. Science/society: activities to encourage harmonious relations between science and society and the opening up of innovation in Europe as a result of the establishment on new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision makers and citizens (50 million EURO)
The activities are intended to step up the coordination and support the coherent development of research and innovation-stimulation policies and activities in Europe. The activities will take the following form: a. Strengthening coordination of research: mutual opening up of research programmes, networking of research activities conducted at national level, scientific and technological cooperation activities, collaboration and joint initiatives of CERN, EMBL, ESO and ESA; b. Supporting the development of coherent research and innovation policies: analyses and studies, specialised working groups, forums for concertation and political debate, benchmarking of research and innovation policies, mapping of scientific and technological excellence.
References:
The full text of the proposal can be downloaded from the CORDIS website (http://www.cordis.lu) or you can request a copy from the IVTIP Secretariat. Reference: COM (2001) 94 final, Brussels, 21.2.2001 for explanatory memorandum, reference 2001/0053 (COD) for RTD proposal itself.
A number of interesting conferences and workshops is coming up. Of all the events mentioned here, the detailed programmes and registration/application forms are available from the ACTIP secretariat.
.
Industrial & Intellectual Property Conference May 10-11, 2001, Brussels Organization: Competence Promotion Center. Tel + 32 2 237 09 00; fax: + 32 2 230 46 49. www.competence.ibf.be
GMP compliance in Europe May 10-11, 2001, Brussels Organization: EDQM, fax: + 33 388 41 27 71; tel: + 33 388 41 28 15. Web: www.pheur.org
10th International Congress for Human genetics May 15-19, 2001, Vienna, Austria Organization: HYPERLINK mailto:jderoos@rose-international.com jderoos@rose-international.com
Impact of genomics on Medicine May 21-22, 2001, Munich, Germany Organisation: Cambridge HealthTech Institute, email: chi@healthtech.com or www.healthtech.com
Early drug target validation May 21-22, 2001 Geneva, Switzerland Organization: Vision in Business Ltd. Tel + 44 20 7256 5188
Technology Commercialisation: Developing Biotech Start-ups May 23, 2001, London UK Organization: SMI Pharmaceutical Conferences. Tel + 44 207 252 22 22
From genes to drugs: innovations in cardiovascular therapeutics May 23-24, San Diego Organization: SMI Pharmaceutical Conferences. www.smi-online.co.uk/genes.asp
Biologic 2001 Delivering integrated scale-up and manufacturing solutions June 4-6, Geneva, Switzerland Organization: ECPI: HYPERLINK http://www.ecpi-online.com www.ecpi-online.com, or Nicola McCall on +44 20 7827 5965
8th International Inhalation Symposium Drug research and clinical inhalation June 6-9, 2001 Hannover Germany Organization: fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology. www.ita.fhg.de. Tel + 49 511/53 50 121
17th ESACT meeting From target to market
June 10-14, 2001, Tylösand, Sweden Organization: ESACT Secretariat, fax + 46 8 730 06 99; email: www.esact.org
Protein Biotechnology in the 21st Century June 11-15, 2001, Amersfoort, The Netherlands Organization: Dutch Royal Society of Chemistry: www.bloup.com
EMBO long-term fellows meeting 24 - 27 June,
EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany. Programme at: http://www.embo.org/FM01.html
BIO's International Convention and Exhibition June 24-27, 2001, San Diego, California Organization: BIO. www.bio.org or Tel + 1 202 857 02 44 10th European Congress on Biotechnology (ECB 10) July 8-11, 2001, Madrid, Spain</P> Organization: EFB, Dechema
43rd International Meeting of the European Tissue Culture Society 5th Gene Delivery & Cellular Protein Expression Conference September 9-13, 2001, Vienna, Austria Organization: Reingard Grabherr, University of Agriculture, Austria. Email: HYPERLINK mailto:r.grabherr@iam.boku.ac.at r.grabherr@iam.boku.ac.at
ACTIP annual plenary meeting September 20-21, York, UK Organization: ACTIP Secretariat: www.ACTIP.org
15th Forum for Applied Biotechnology Sept 24-25, 2001, Gent, Belgium Organization: GOM-West-Vlaanderen; tel + 32 50 36 71 31; fax; + 32 50 36 31 86
Cell Interactions and Cellular Complexity Sept 30-October 3, 2001, Granada, Spain Organization: European Tissue Culture Society. web: www.san.gva.es/centros/lafe/ETCS/ETCS_ESP-granada-2001-00.html
Vaccines of the future: from rational design to clinical development October 17-19, 2001, Paris France Organization: Institut Pasteur Euroconferences. Fax: + 33 1 40 61 34 05. www.pasteur.fr/applications/euroconf
Genome 2001-05-02 22-24 October 2001, London Organization: ECPI. Fax: + 44 20 7242 1508
Second European Meeting on Cell Engineering October 26-28, 2001, Costa Brava, Spain</P> Organization: Dr.
Mohammed Al-Rubai, Dr. David lLoyd: email: D.R.Lloyd@bham.ac.uk; http://www.bham.ac.uk/ChemEng/actg/ewce2.htm
9th meeting of the European Society of Gene Therapy November 2-4, 2001, Antalya, Turkey Organization: Congrex Sweden AB, email esgt@congrex.se, or the congress manager, email: binanc@serenas.com.tr
Pharmaceutical products and viral safety March 14-15, 2002, Paris France Organization: Institut Pasteur Euroconferences. Fax: + 33 1 40 61 34 05. www.pasteur.fr/applications/euroconf
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